Towards a better understanding of the novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus in China 2013

2013 2013 2013 <ul class="authors citation-authors" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-1" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yongbo Wang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-2" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zhangyan Dai</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-3" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Han Cheng</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-4" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zexian Liu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-5" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zhicheng Pan</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-6" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Wankun Deng</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-7" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Tianshun Gao</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-8" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Xiaotong Li</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-9" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yuangen Yao</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-10" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jian Ren</span></a> </li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span>&amp;<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-11" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yu Xue</span></a></li></ul><ul class="cleared" id="author-links" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="first" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#affil-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Affiliations</a></li><li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#contrib-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Contributions</a></li><li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#corres-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Corresponding author</a></li></ul><dl class="citation" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd class="journal-title" style="display: inline; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; text-transform: capitalize;">Scientific Reports</dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="volume" style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">3<span style="font-weight: normal;">,</span></dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dt class="seq" style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Article number:</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="page" style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">2318</dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="doi" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px;">doi:10.1038/srep02318</dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dt class="received first" style="background-image: none !important; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">Received</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-05-14">14 May 2013<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></time></dd><dt class="accepted" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px;">Accepted</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-15">15 July 2013<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></time></dd><dt class="published-online" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px;">Published</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate">30 July 2013</time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Recently, a highly dangerous bird flu has infected over 130 patients in China, and the outbreak was attributed to a novel avian-origin H7N9 virus. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of the virus. We clarified the controversial viewpoint on neuraminidase (NA) origin and confirmed it was reassorted from Korean wild birds with higher confidence, whereas common ancestors of pathogenic H7N9 genes existed only one or two years ago. Further analysis of NA sequences suggested that most variations are not drug resistant and current drugs are still effective for the therapy. We also identified a potentially optimal 9-mer epitope, which can be helpful for vaccine development. The interaction of hemagglutinin (HA) and human receptor analog was confirmed by structural modeling, while NA might influence cellular processes through a PDZ-binding motif. A simplified virus infection model was proposed. Taken together, our studies provide a better understanding of the newly reassorted H7N9 viruses.</span></time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</span></time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline ! important; float: none; font-family: arial,helvetica,'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック','ＭＳ ゴシック',Osaka,'MS PGothic',sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.9062px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Continued:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html">http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html </a></span> </time></dd></dl><ul class="authors citation-authors" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><h1 class="section-heading toggle" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 18px 0px 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</h1><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</span> </time></dd></dl><br> 2013 2013 2013 <br><ul class="authors citation-authors" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-1" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yongbo Wang</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-2" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zhangyan Dai</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-3" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Han Cheng</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-4" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zexian Liu</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-5" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Zhicheng Pan</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-6" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Wankun Deng</span></a><span class="comma">,</span></li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-7" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Tianshun Gao</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-8" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Xiaotong Li</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-9" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yuangen Yao</span></a><span class="comma">,</span> </li><li class="vcard no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-10" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Jian Ren</span></a> </li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span>&amp;<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><a class="name" href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#auth-11" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><span class="fn">Yu Xue</span></a></li></ul><ul class="cleared" id="author-links" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="first" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0px;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#affil-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Affiliations</a></li><li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#contrib-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Contributions</a></li><li style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.6ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html#corres-auth" style="color: #5c7996; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Corresponding author</a></li></ul><dl class="citation" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd class="journal-title" style="display: inline; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; text-transform: capitalize;">Scientific Reports</dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="volume" style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">3<span style="font-weight: normal;">,</span></dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dt class="seq" style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Article number:</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="page" style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">2318</dd><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd class="doi" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px;">doi:10.1038/srep02318</dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dt class="received first" style="background-image: none !important; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;">Received</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-05-14">14 May 2013<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></time></dd><dt class="accepted" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px;">Accepted</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-15">15 July 2013<span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></time></dd><dt class="published-online" style="background-image: url(http://www.nature.com/view/images/bg_pipe.gif); background-position: 0px 0.4ex; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 8px;">Published</dt><span class="Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate">30 July 2013</time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Recently, a highly dangerous bird flu has infected over 130 patients in China, and the outbreak was attributed to a novel avian-origin H7N9 virus. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of the virus. We clarified the controversial viewpoint on neuraminidase (NA) origin and confirmed it was reassorted from Korean wild birds with higher confidence, whereas common ancestors of pathogenic H7N9 genes existed only one or two years ago. Further analysis of NA sequences suggested that most variations are not drug resistant and current drugs are still effective for the therapy. We also identified a potentially optimal 9-mer epitope, which can be helpful for vaccine development. The interaction of hemagglutinin (HA) and human receptor analog was confirmed by structural modeling, while NA might influence cellular processes through a PDZ-binding motif. A simplified virus infection model was proposed. Taken together, our studies provide a better understanding of the newly reassorted H7N9 viruses.</span></time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</span></time></dd></dl><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline ! important; float: none; font-family: arial,helvetica,'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック','ＭＳ ゴシック',Osaka,'MS PGothic',sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.9062px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Continued:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html">http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130730/srep02318/full/srep02318.html </a></span> </time></dd></dl><ul class="authors citation-authors" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li><li class="vcard last-author c1 no-comma" style="display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="fn">&nbsp;</span></li></ul><dl class="citation dates" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><dd style="display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;"><h1 class="section-heading toggle" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; margin: 18px 0px 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 2px 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</h1><time datetime="2013-07-30" pubdate="pubdate"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, helvetica, 'ＭＳ Ｐゴシック', 'ＭＳ ゴシック', Osaka, 'MS PGothic', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.90625px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">&nbsp;</span> </time></dd></dl><br>2013 2013 2013 <br> <a href="http://www.matrixar.com/" title="Matrix ">المصفوفة : أجمل الخلفيات والصور</a>